☆ The main reasons for the reduced durability of batteries in battery-powered electric flat cars during winter include the following:
Electrolyte cooling: The electrolyte inside lead-acid batteries becomes more viscous at low temperatures, slowing ion conduction and increasing internal resistance, which reduces battery performance. When the electrolyte cools, it cannot fully cover the lead plates, reducing the activity of the active material on the plates and slowing the chemical reactions. This, in turn, affects the battery's charging and discharging performance.
Reduced utilization of active material: In low-temperature environments, the spongy lead on the negative plate of the battery is prone to converting into PbSO4 crystals. These crystals adhere to the surface of the lead plates, clogging the pores and reducing the utilization of the plates. This leads to a decrease in the battery's energy storage capacity and a reduction in the electric trolley's range.
Reduced charger efficiency: Due to the decreased activity of the active material inside the battery, it takes longer to fully charge. Some aging or low-quality chargers may not provide sufficient charging time, resulting in the battery being used before it is fully charged, further impacting its performance and lifespan.
Impact of temperature on battery activity: The chemical reaction principles of batteries cause their activity to decrease as temperatures drop, making them less durable. This is a normal physical phenomenon. The lower the temperature, the more significant the decline in battery performance. The optimal operating temperature for lead-acid and lithium batteries is 25-30°C. When temperatures drop to -10 to -20°C, the battery capacity may be reduced to about 50%.
☆ To address the above issues, the following measures can be taken:
Increase the charging environment temperature: Charge the battery in a warmer environment, such as an underground garage or indoors. If the weather is sunny, charging in sunlight can also help. This allows more electricity to be stored, making the battery more durable. However, safety must be prioritized when charging indoors.
Appropriately extend charging time: Charging efficiency is generally lower in winter compared to summer, so charging time should be extended accordingly. After the charger indicator light turns from red to green, continue floating charging for an additional 1-2 hours to ensure the battery is fully charged.
Provide insulation for the battery: Use specialized insulation materials to wrap the battery, raising its temperature and thereby improving its energy storage capacity.
☆ Additionally, for batteries in battery electric transport cars, regular maintenance and care are essential.
This includes checking whether the battery connections are loose or damaged and performing regular charge-discharge maintenance to keep the battery in optimal condition. At the same time, during winter operation, attention should be paid to the tire condition of the Electric Self propelled Tansfer cart, including checking for wear and ensuring proper tire pressure, to improve safety.
In summary, by increasing the charging environment temperature, appropriately extending charging time, insulating the battery, and performing regular maintenance, the issue of reduced battery durability in Battery Industrial Transfer Cart during winter can be effectively addressed.
